Pennine Alps - Mountains

Western Pennine Alps (Grand Combin)

Western Pennine Alps are located between Col du Gross St.Bernhard and Val d'Hérens. The most important peak of the area is Grand Combin, a separate massif in the west. It forms a link between Pennine Alps and Mont Blanc Group. Other important peaks of the area include Mont Vélan (3731m), Mont Blanc de Cheilon (3870m), Pigne d'Arolla (3796m) and Mont Collon (3637m).

Mont Velán

Mont Velán (3731m)
  • Located in the westernmost part of Pennine Alps, to the south of Grand Combin and to the west of Tête Blanche.
  • Huge snow peak with variety of classic ascents.

Grand Combin

Grand Combin (4320m)
  • France Alps Western Alps - Pennine Alps - Western Pennine Alps - Grand Combin Located on the north side of Chamonix valley.
  • summits:
    • Combin de Grafeneire (4314m)
    • Combin de Valsorey (4184m)
    • Aiguille du Croissant (4320m)
    • Combin de la Tsessette (4141m)
1857
Grand Combin,
First ascent
Benjamin Felley, Maurice Felley and Jouvence Bruchez via Corridor Route
Combin de Grafeneire, NW side
  • From Panossiérehütte (2645m) via Plateau des Maisons Blanches, 4h. Access to hut from Fionnay.
NW Flank of Combin de Grafeneire
  • PD, 45°, I. 1650m, 6-8h from Panossiérehütte (2645m)
1958-09-08
NW Flank of Combin de Grafeneire,
First ascent
Henry Bruchez, Hilaire Dumeulin, Louis Maret & René Michaud

Biner #218; SAC 2 #338

Corridor Route
  • Old normal route. Technically easiest route, but very serious (comparable to Russion Roulette) due to ice fall danger when crossing accross NW face under big seracs.
  • PD/G4, 45°. 1650m, 6-7h from Panossiérehütte
1857
Corridor Route,
First ascent
Benjamin Felley, Maurice Felley and Jouvence Bruchez
NW Face of Combin de Grafenerie
  • AD+, 50° (occasionally steeper on seracs). 1450m, 5h from Valsorey hut
1933
NW Face of Combin de Grafenerie,
First ascent
E.R.Blanchet & K.Moore
Combin de Valsorey, NW side
  • From Panossiérehütte (2645m) via Plateau des Maisons Blanches, 4h. Access to hut from Fionnay.
NW Face of Combin de Valsorey
  • Route starts at 3550m.
  • D/D+, 60°, III. 700m, 4h. 5-7h from Valsorey hut
1958
NW Face of Combin de Valsorey,
First ascent
Egbert Eidher & Erich Vanis

Biner #219; SAC 2 #349

Aiguilles Rouges d'Arolla

Aiguilles Rouges d'Arolla (3646m)

Le Pleuneur - Pigne d'Arolla

Mont Blanc de Cheilon (3870m)
Pigne d'Arolla (3796m)

Mt. Avril - Mont Collon

Mt. Avril (3347m)
Mt. Gelé (3519m)
Bec d'Epicoune (3529m)
Aouille Tseuque (3554m)
La Singla (3714m)
l'Evêque (3716m)
Mont Collon (3637m)
  • Located in Arolla valley.
  • Most interesting feature for climbers is the 1100m North Face.
West side
    West Ridge
    • AD, II. 500m
North face
    Hopkinson (Left-hand Spur with Gracey Start)
      1895
      Hopkinson,
      First ascent
      Hopkinson, Maitre & Maitre
    Gracey (Right-hand Spur with Hopkinson Start)
    • TD-. 100m
    1923
    Gracey,
    First ascent
    Gracey, Pralong & Pralong

Col Collon - Theodulpass

To the east of this chain are located Grand Cornier and Dent Blanche. They are connected to and Téte Blanche - Dent d'Hérens - Matterhorn chain on the border between Italy and Switzerland. Further north, between Grand Cornier and Matter valley lie chain Obergabelhorn - Zinalrothorn - Weishorn - Bishorn.

West of Val d'Hérens lies mountain chain Monte Brule - Bouquetins - Aiguille de la Tsa - Dent de Perroc and Dents the Veisivi. There are no 4000 peaks with Veisivi being the high point with 3838m. Access is shortest from Arolla.

To the east of this chain are located Grand Cornier and Dent Blanche. They are connected to and Téte Blanche - Dent d'Hérens - Matterhorn chain on the border between Italy and Switzerland. Dent Blanche and Dent d'Hérens both have several good routes but the undisputed king of this chain is the rocky pyramid of Matterhorn. Despite fixed ropes, it is still one of the hard 4000m peaks with Normal route graded at AD- and featuring 1400m of ascent. Access to western part of the chain is either from Zinal in the North, d'Hérens valley in the west, Aosta or Breuil-Cervinia in the south or Zermatt is the northeast. Apart from Matterhorn, approaches are typically quite long.

Further north, between Grand Cornier and Matter valley lie chain Obergabelhorn - Zinalrothorn - Weishorn - Bishorn. Classically beautiful Weisshorn has several long ridge routes while Obergabelhorn and Zinalrothorn have the best rock quality of the 4000m peaks around Zermat. Access to the climbs is from Zinal on the NW or Randa, Täsch or Zermatt in east.

Monte Brule - Dents de Veisivi

Monte Brule (3585m)
Bouquetins (3838m)
Dent de Perroc (3675m)
Dents de Veisivi (3418m)

Grand Cornier - Tête Blanche - Matterhorn

Grand Cornier (3962m)
NW Ridge
    NW Ridge
    • AD- (G6), III. 1150m
Dent Blanche (4356m)
  • One of the big mountains in Pennine Alps.
  • Access is usually from Bouquetins (SW) or from Bertol, Mountet or Schönbiel huts.
  • Main routes follow South, West and East Ridges. Besides all four ridges, also all four flanks have been climbed but they are far less popular than the ridge routes.
1862
Dent Blanche,
First ascent
Thomas Stuart Kennedy, William Wigram, Jean-Baptiste Croz and Johan Konig via South Ridge.
South Ridge
  • Dent Blache hut (=Cabane Roussier, 3507m). Approach 1700m, 5-7h from Ferpècle car park via La Forclaz. Also from Schönbielhütte to Wandflülücke (2h, PD).
Wandflügrat (S Ridge)
  • Normal route. The easiest and most popular route, both in ascent and in descent. From hut to Wandfluelücke (3703m). Through couloir to South Ridge. Grand Gendarme is turned on the left via Couloir de la Mort (direct IV+). Further along firn ridge to the summit. Descent to Ferpècle (5h).
  • AD (G5), III, 35°. 850m, 3-6h from Dent Blache hut
1862
Wandflügrat,
First ascent
Thomas Stuart Kennedy, William Wigram, Jean-Baptiste Croz and Johan Konig

Biner #350; SAC 3 #274,275; Goedeke #pp 117

East Ridge
  • Mountet hut (2886m) Also possible from Schönbiel hut over Col de Zinal (3490m).
Viereselgrat (East (ENE) Ridge)
  • Routes coming from Mountet and Schönbiel huts join above P. 3975
  • D, III+ and III. 1500m, 11-15h from Mountet hut
1882
Viereselgrat,
First ascent
Ulrich Almer, A. Pollinger, J.Stafford Anderson & G.P.Baker

Biner #351; SAC 3 #291,292

Ferpéclegrat (West Ridge)
  • Either Dent Blache hut (=Cabane Roussier, 3507m, approach 1700m, 5-7h from Ferpècle car park via La Forclaz) or from Bivouac Dent Blanche (3540m) in Col de la Dent Blanche.
Ferpéclegrat (West Ridge)
  • Most difficult of the three main routes. Starting point either Dent Blanche hut or bivouac in Col de la Dent Blanche.
  • D+, IV+, IV and III. 850m, 7h
1899
Ferpéclegrat,
First ascent
A Pollinger & W.Gröbli

Biner #354; SAC 3 #280

North side
  • Bivouac Dent Blanche (3540m) in Col de la Dent Blanche
NW Face, Original
  • Mixed line on NW Face, joins Ferpeclegrat below the summit.
  • TD/TD+, V/V+. 950m, 12-15h from Bivouac Dent Blanche
1932-08-27
NW Face, Original,
First ascent
K.Schneider & F.Singer 26.-27.08.1932
North Ridge
  • More difficult and less popular than other three ridges.
  • TD+, V+. 950m, 12-15h
NE Face, Vaucher
  • Straighter and more difficult line than the original (TD) route of NNE Face. Mixed on mostly ice/snow.
  • ED1/2, V/V+. 950m, 12-15h from Bivouac Dent Blanche
1996-07-12
NE Face, Vaucher,
First ascent
Michel & Yvette Vaucher 10.-12.07.1966

SAC 3 #288

Tête Blanche (3429m)
Tête Valpelline (3802m)
Dent d'Hérens (4171m)
Dent d'Hérens,
First ascent
F.Crauford Grave, W.E. Hall, R.S.MacDonald, W.Woodmans, Melchior Anderegg, peter Perren & Jean Pierre Cochat via West Ridge.
SW side
  • From Rifugio Aosta (2781m)
SW side & West Ridge
  • Normal route. Long glacier tour via Glacier des Grandes Murailles and Tiefenmattenjoch
  • PD+/AD- (G4), I-II. 600m, 3h from Tiefenmattenjoch, 1400m, 5-6h from Aosta hut

Biner #346; SAC 3 #1061; Goedeke #pp 169

East Ridge
  • Col Tournauche
East Ridge
  • D (G9), IV and III. 700m, climbing distance 2km, 8-10h from Col Tournauche
1906-07-30
East Ridge,
First ascent
Franz & Joseph Lochmatter & V.J.E.Ryan

Biner #347; SAC 3 #1070

West side
  • Schönbiel hütte
WNW Face
  • Normal route from Schönbiel hütte.
  • AD/D (G6), III, 45°. 7h

Biner #345; SAC 3 #1106

North Face
  • From Bivacco Giorgio e Renzo Novella on Punta Maria Christina (3706m)
North Face "Welzenbach"
  • Seracs, difficult rock in the upper part.
  • TD+ (G13), 90°, IV. 1300m, 10-15h
1925
North Face "Welzenbach",
First ascent
Willo Welzenbach & Eugen Allwein
Mattehorn (Monte Cervino) (4478m)
  • Majestic peak in Swiss/Italian Border consisting of four ridges and four faces.
  • There have been well over 400 deaths on the mountain, most of them occurring on the easiest Hörnligrat through stonefall.
1859
Mattehorn,
Attemp
First attemp to climb the mountain was made solo by guide Jean Antoine Carrel (Bersaghliére from Valtournanche).
1865-07-14
Mattehorn,
First ascent
Matterhorn was the last 4000m peak to be climbed in the Alps. The party consisting of Edward Whymper (England), Peter Taugwalder (father), Peter Taugwalder (son), Charles Hudson (killed during descent), Francis Douglas (killed during descent), Douglas Hadow (killed during descent) and Michel Croz (killed during descent) (via Hörnligrat) won the race over Matterhorn against Carrel (via Liongrat). During the descent Hadow slipped pulling Croz off and Douglas and Hudson followed. Whymper and Peter Taugwalder Sr. hung on the same rope, but the rope snapped and the four men fell to their deaths. Whymper's book "Scrambles Amongst the Alps - The Day the Rope Broke" by R.W. Clark recount the dramatic first ascent.
1871-07-22
Mattehorn,
First ascent
Lucy walker via Hörnligrat

World Mountaineering #pp 50

  • Clark R.W.: Scrambles Amongst the Alps - The Day the Rope Broke.
East Face
  • Rarely climbed face above Furggen glacier.
  • From Hörnlihütte (3260m). Access from Zermatt or from Schwarzee lift station. Solvay hut is located at 4003m along the Hörnligrat. Access to Furggengrat from Boiwak Bossi (3300m) in Breuljoch.
Hörnligrat (NE Ridge)
  • Normal route. First ascent route and by far the most popular route on Matterhorn. Very famous and popular, crowded during the season. There are fixed ropes along the route. Using them difficulty is III-, A0, mostly II (sustained). IV+ if climbed free. Summit slopes mixed.
  • III AD- (G5, NZ3+/4, NCCS III), III,A0. 1200m, climbing distance 1700m, 5-6h from Hörnlihut (3260m)

Biner #341,342; SAC 3 #1106,1107; Goedeke #pp 162

(East Face Direct)
Furggengrat (SE Ridge)
  • From Biwak Bossi (3300m) in Breuljoch. Unstable rock.
  • D/TD- (G12?), IV+ (direct variant VI). 1150m, 8-12h
Furggengrat,
First winter ascent
Walter Bonatti & Roberto Bingnami
1911
Furggengrat,
First ascent
Piacenza, Carrell and Gaspard

SAC 3 #1108

North Face
  • From Hörnlihütte (3260m). Access from Zermatt or from Schwarzee lift station.
Schmid
  • Classic. One of the four classic north faces in the Alps. Steep ice with IV and V on rock. Unstable rock. Starting point Hörnli hut
  • TD/ED1 (G12), IV+/V, M5, AI1-2 (55°). 1100m, 10-12h
1931
Schmid,
First ascent
Franz and Toni Schmid
1959
Schmid,
First solo ascent
Dieter Marchart
1962
Schmid,
First winter ascent
Allmen & Etter
1965
Schmid,
First free ascent
Yvette Vaucher
Bonatti Direct (Direct Solo)
  • ED2/3, VI+,A1
1965-02-22
Bonatti Direct,
First ascent
Walter Bonatti
Zmuttnase
  • ED+ (G16), VI+,A3, AI1 (50°). 1218m, 2-3 days
1969-07-14..1969-07-17
Zmuttnase,
First ascent
L.Cerrutti & A.Cogna
Piola-Steiner Direttissima
  • ED+, 90-°, M5 f6b/b+,A0. 1000m
1981-08-01
Piola-Steiner Direttissima,
First ascent
Piola & Steiner 29.07.-01.08.1981
South Face
  • From Breuil in Italy via Abruzzi hut (2802m). Liongrat has Carrell hut (3829m).
Liongrat (South-West Ridge)
  • Classic route, often used in descent. Less crowded than Hörnligrat.
  • AD/D (G7, Rus 4A/B), III,A0 (free at IV). 650m/1680m, 5h from Carrell hut to summit
1865-07-17
Liongrat,
First ascent
J.A. Carrel and J.B. Bic

Biner #344; SAC 3 #1110,1111; Goedeke #pp 162

West Face
  • Highest face on the Matterhorn.
  • From Schönbielhütte (2694m, 2,5 h from ski lift Schwarzsee, 4h from Zertmatt). Zmuttgrat possible from Hörnlihütte (AD+, 2h, #1114 in Walliser Alpen Band 3) or from Schönbielhütte (2694m).
Zmuttgrat (NW Ridge)
  • Good classic ridge with no fixed gear. Seldom in condition. Either from Hörnlihütte or from Schönbielhütte
  • D (G9), IV and III, 50°. 1200m, 7-9h from Hörnlihut
1879-09-03
Zmuttgrat,
First ascent
Albert Frederick Mummery, Alexander Burgener, A. Gentinetta and Johann Petrus. Mummery's book "My Climbs in the Alps and Caucasus" recounts the first ascent.

Biner #343; SAC 3 #1113

  • Mummery Albert Frederick: My Climbs in the Alps and Caucasus.
West Face
1962-08-13
West Face,
First ascent
Giovanni Ottin and Renato Daugin were the first to climb the whole west face to the top of Matterhorn without crossing to the Zmutt ridge

Obergabelhorn - Zinalrothorn - Weishorn - Bishorn

Pointe Zinal - Mont Durand - Obergabelhorn - Wellenkuppe - Zinalrothorn - Schalihorn - Weisshorn - Bishorn

Mont Durand (3713m)
Obergabelhorn (4062m)
    One of the most beautiful mountains in the Alps. Zermatt side is almost completely rock while Zinal (north) side is icy.
1865
Obergabelhorn,
First ascent
Jakob Anderegg, A.W.Moore & Horace Walker from the Gabelhorn glacier.
South side
  • From Mountet hut (2886m) via Mont Durand to Arbenjoch (3570m, Arben Bivouac hut)
Arbengrat (WSW Ridge)
  • Very useful as descent in a traverse. From Mountet hut (2886m) via Mont Durand to Arbenjoch (3570m, Arben Bivouac hut). From there 2,5-3h to summit.
  • AD, III+. 500m/1200m. 2,5-3h from Arben Biwak to summit.
1874-08-23
Arbengrat,
First ascent
H.Seymour Haase, E.Hulton, Johan von Bergen, J.Moser & Peter Rubi

Biner #363; SAC 3 #543; AC East #3c

Gabelhorngrat (SE Ridge)
  • AD+. 850m, 4h from Arben bivouac hut (3224m), 3,75h from Obergabeljoch (3597m)
1887-09-03
Gabelhorngrat,
First ascent
Edward Davidson, J.W.Hartley, Johan Jaun & Peter Rubi
South Face
  • Firm gneiss
  • AD/D, IV and III. 850m, 6h from Arben bivouac hut
1892
South Face,
First ascent
David Magouignaz & J.P. Fonran

Biner #364; SAC 3 #539; AC East #3b

North side
  • Mountet hut (2886m). Approach along Coeurgrat route
Coeurgrat (NNW Ridge)
  • From glacier Durand and NNW ridge. Mixed with loose rock, not recommended in descent.
  • AD, III, 50°. 6h from Mountet hut (2886m)
1865
Coeurgrat,
First ascent
Lord Francis Douglas, Peter Taugwalder & Josef Vienin

Biner #361; SAC 3 #546; AC East #3d

North Face
  • Classic. One of the nicest ice faces in Pennine Alps. From Mountet hut head southeast across the Glacier de Mountet to the base of the North Couloir. Follow the Couloir up to the base of the face, pass the bergschrund and climb the face (500m, average angle 55°). Last 100m are significantly steeper, but the route avoids it (TD, loose rock). Also possible from Rothorn hut (3198m).
  • IV D+/TD-, IV/AI2 M2 (55°), III. 500m, 2,5-4h; 1250m from from Mountet hut.
1930-07-30
North Face,
First ascent
Hans Kiener & Rudolf Schwarzgruber

Biner #362; SAC 3 #548; Waeber #439; AC East #3e

East side
  • Rothorn hut (3198m). Approach from Zermatt, 1700m, 5h.
ENE Ridge from Wellenkuppe
  • Normal route. Most popular route, mostly on snow and ice. From Rothorn hut at first to Wellenkuppe (PD, II+, 2,5h) and further traverse to the summit (another 1,5-2,5h). The most difficult part is passing the Grand Gendarme (3870m) between Wellenkuppe and Obergabelhorn (III,A0).
  • AD, III,A0, 50°. 850m, 5-6h from Rothorn Hut
1890
ENE Ridge from Wellenkuppe,
First ascent
L. Norman-Neruda & Christian Klucker

Biner #360; SAC 3 #568; Goedeke #pp 115; AC East #3a

Wellenkuppe (3903m)
East side
  • Rothorn hut (3198m). Approach from Zermatt, 1700m, 5h.
East flank and ENE Ridge
  • PD, II+. 2,5h
Zinalrothorn (4221m)
    Often abbreviated to Rothorn. One of the most popular climbing peaks around Zermatt and Zinal. Has three major ridges (north, south and SE), all of which are worthwhile climbs. Rock is mostly good gneiss.
1872
Zinalrothorn,
First ascent
Alexander Burgener, Frdinand Imseg, Franz Andermatten, Clinton T.Dent & G.A.Passingham via SE Ridge.
South Side
  • Rothorn hut (3178m), hut climb 1700m, 5h from Zermatt. Also possible from Mountet hut.
Rothorngrat (SW Ridge Integral)
  • One of the finest ridge climbs in the Alps. Excellent rock.
  • AD+/D (G8), IV and III+. 370m, 3-4h from Oberrotjoch. 1100m, 7h from Rothorn hut
1901
Rothorngrat,
First ascent
C.R.Gross & R.Taugwalder

Biner #369; SAC 3 #596; AC East #6b

SE Ridge and Gabel notch
  • Normal route. Exposed rock climbing III-, mostly II and I.
  • AD-/AD, III-, mostly II and I. 1050m, 4-5h from Rothorn hut
1872
SE Ridge and Gabel notch,
First ascent
Alexander Burgener, Ferdinand Imseg, Franz Andermatten, Clinton T. Dent & G.A Passingham

Biner #367; SAC 3 #594; Goedeke #pp 111

Kanzelgrat (Complete SE Ridge)
  • More difficult and direct finish to normal route.
  • TD- (G10), V and IV+. 4-5h
1928
Kanzelgrat,
First ascent
E.R.Blanchet & Kaspar Mooser

AC East #6e

East Face
    East Face Direct
    • Loose rock
    • TD, V+. 800m, 8h (face only)
    1945
    East Face Direct,
    First ascent
    André Roch, Rober Gréloz & Ruedi Schmidt

    AC East #6d

North Ridge
  • Mountet hut
North Ridge
  • From Mountet hut via Mountet glacier
  • AD (G7), III/III+ and II. 1400m from Mountet hut
1909
North Ridge,
First ascent
Geoffrey Winthrop Young, Knuber, Marcus & C.D.Robertson

Biner #368; SAC 3 #589; AC East #6c

Weisshorn (4506m)
  • Classically beautiful symmetrical mountain with rock rocky ridges.
  • Most climbing activity takes place on East and Southwest Ridges. Also Northeast face has several possible ice/snow routes. These are however endangered by ice fall (NE rib least so).
1861
Weisshorn,
First ascent
John Tyndall and guides J. J. Bennen and U. Wenger via East Ridge (normal route)
NE side
  • From Randa (1407m) to Weisshorn hut (2932m, 1500m, 5h).
East Ridge
  • Normal route. The climb must be started from the valley (Randa 1407m), altogether 3100m of ascent.
  • III AD (G5), III- (places), mostly II and I, 45°). 1600m, 6-7h from Weisshorn hut

Biner #376; SAC 3 #672; Goedeke #pp 107; AC East #12a

NE Rib (NE Buttress)
  • Classic ice route
  • D. 7-10h from Weisshorn hut
1871
NE Rib,
First ascent
(original route) by Kitson, Ch. & U. Almer
1909-08-31
NE Rib,
First ascent
nowadays used variation by G.W.Young, Oliver Perry Smith & Jos Knubel

AC East #12e

NE Face direct
  • D+/TD, 55°. 1000m

AC East #12g

South Ridge
  • from Schali bivouac
Schaligrat (South West Ridge)
  • Classic. Elegant rock route, reputable the finest route on Weisshorn.
  • IV D, IV, 45°. 750m, 5-7h from Schali bivouac
1895
Schaligrat,
First ascent
Joseph Biner, Ambros Imboden and Edward Broome.

Biner #378; SAC 3 #676; AC East #12b

North Ridge
  • Cabane de Tracuit
North Ridge (NNW-Grat)
  • AD+, III+, 45°. 450m from Weisshornjoch, 8h from Cabane de Tracuit
1898
North Ridge,
First ascent
H. Biehly and H. Burgener

Biner #377; SAC 3 #683; AC East #12d

West face
  • d'Ar Pitetta (2786m)
Youngrat (Young Rib on West Face)
  • Most logical line on the face leading tho great gendarme on the North Ridge.
  • AD+/D-, IV. 6-8h from d'Ar Pitetta
1900-09-07
Youngrat,
First ascent
Geoffrey Winthrop Young, Benoít & Louis Theytaz

AC East #12e

Bishorn 4153
    Located north of Weisshorn. Not very independent summit.
1884
Bishorn 4153,
First ascent
Joseph Imboden, J.M.Chantan, G.S.Barnes & R.Chessyre-Walker
NW Flank (NW Face)
  • Tracuit hut (3256m), approach 1580m, 5h from Zinal (1680m) in Val de d'Anniviers
NW Flank
  • F (G1-2), I on the summit ridge. 930mm, 2-3h from Tracuit hut

Biner #379; SAC 3 #690; Goedeke #pp 105; AC East #13a

NE Face
  • From Turtmannhütte (2519m) via Bruneggjoch to base of the face (~3500m).
NE Face (via Olympia)
  • D (G10), 50-58°, IV. 650m
1924-09-21
NE Face,
First ascent
Emile Robert Blanchet, Kaspar Mooser & Raphael Lochmatter

Biner #380; SAC 3 #693; AC East #13b

Theodulpass - Monte Moro (Monte Rosa)

Monte Rosa Massif on the frontier crest between Switzerland. It is a complex massif with dozens of summits, sharp ridges and massive glaciers. Depending on the consideration of subsidiary peaks, there are 15 - 22 4000m peaks, high point being the Dufourspitze at 4634m, the second highest mountain in the Alps. Northern slopes is made of not overtly steep glaciers while the Italien Southeastern side is dominated by over 2000m high East Face.

Several of the high peaks have relatively easy normal routes. Breithorn is reputably the easiest 4000m peak in the Alps. Also Castor and Pollux are very popular. Traverse of all 4000m peaks is possible in 4-7 days from Klein Matterhorn cable car using the huts on the Italian side. This traverse can be done various ways, those in search of climbing challenges include W-E traverse of Breithorn (AD+) and traverse of Lyskamm (W-E, AD/AD+), both of which are avoidable if easier alternative is wanted. There are also plethora of harder routes, especially classic are North faces of Breithorn and Lyskamm and gigantic East Face of Monte Rosa. There are also hard rock ridge on Nordend, Dufourspitze and Signalkuppe.

Breithorn - Lyskamm

Chain running west to east between Theodulspass and Lysjoch. There are only five main peaks on the chain: Klein Matterhorn, Breithorn, Pollux, Castor and Lyskamm. That being said, both Breithorn and Lyskamm and broad peaks with several summits and sharp ridge crests. South side towards Italy is far less dramatic feature than steep north side, rising 700-1000m above wildly crevassed glaciers at its base and featuring numerous ice and mixed routes. Pollux and Castor are fear less intimidating.

Klein Matterhorn (3883m)
Breithorn (4164m)
    Almost solely climbed with the aid of lifts, normally from Klein Matterhorn (3883m). Regarded as the easiest 4000m peak. Traverse of the Crest is a classic. North wall 2,5km wide and has host of difficult ice and mixed climbs (TD or more, 1100m). Some of these are objectively dangerous, Original and Welzenbach routes probably least so.
  • summits:
    • West summit (4164m)
    • Central summit (4159m)
    • East summit (4139m)
    • Gendarme 4106 (4106m)
    • Roccia Nera (4075m)
1813
Breithorn,
First ascent
Henry Maynard, Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste & Jean-Jacques Erin
West summit, North side
  • 2,5km wide and 1100m high north face has an average angle of 51°. It is a complex face with both rock and ice features. There are host of routes, of which Triftjigrat, Younggrat and Bethmann-Hollweg/Supersaxo (with its different variations) are considered classics. Some of the routes are threatened by ice fall.
  • Gandegghütte (3029m), via Theodulsgletscher (2860m), slightly less than 2h
NW and SW flanks
  • AD. 1300m, 5h from Gandegghütte

Moran #29b; AC East #23b; SAC 4 #133

Original (Bethman-Hollweg/Supersaxo)
  • Pass the lower bergschrund immediately to the right of prominent rocks. Climb the ice to the right of rocks, then pass the rock band to gain the ice spur to the left of the rocks by climbing through the rock couloir below prominent ice ramp (mixed up to IV) to gain firn spur below second bergschrund ~3650m). Alternative start is to follow the direct variant by climbing immediately above bergschrund diagonally to the left over mixed terrain to get to the ice on the left of the rocky part (depending of the conditions up to 70° and IV). Then over the bergschrund and through ice field (60°) to gain summit rocks (III) and lower angled snow field above (45°).
  • TD, IV or III (depending on variation and conditions), 60°-70°. 1100m, 5-8h (face)
1919-10-03
Original,
First ascent
Dietrich von Bethman-Hollweg, Oskar & Otmar Supersaxo

Biner #420; SAC 4 #139; Moran #29g; AC East #23c

Welzenbach (NNW Flank)
  • Pass the lower bergschrund immediately to the right of prominent rocks. Climb the ice to the right of rocks to gain the prominent ice ramp (mixed up to 55-60°) to gain firn spur below second bergschrund ~3650m). Then over the bergschrund and through ice field (60°) to gain summit rocks (III) and lower angled snow field above (45°).Crux is the left-slanting couloir leaving lower ice field.
  • TD, 60°. 1100m, 5-8h (face)
1926-08
Welzenbach,
First ascent
Bachschmidt, Rigde & Welzenbach
Triftjigrat (North Ridge)
  • Classic. Classic large scale mixed/ice ridge, easier alternative to NW face. From Gandegghütte to Triftjisattel (3250m, 2-2,5h). From there to Triftjiplateau (3750, 2-2,5h) and further through ice/snow slopes (55°) to rock barrier (III) and finally along easier angled snow slopes to the summit (2,5-3h from Triftjiplateau).
  • AD/D, III and II, 55°. 1150m, 8h from Gandegg hut
1869-09
Triftjigrat,
First ascent
R. Fowler, P. Knubel & G. Ruppen

Biner #421; SAC 4 #141; Moran #29f; AC East #23e

Central summit, North side
  • Several routes starting from Breithornglacier between grades D+ and TD+
  • Gandegghütte via Theodulsgletscher (2860m)

SAC 4 #150-155

East summit, North side

SAC 4 #166-171

Younggrat (N-Grat des E-Gipfels)
  • D, IV (yds 5.4), 55°. 1450m, 8h from Gandegg hut; 750m, 6-7,5h from Rossi e Volante bivouac hut. Traverse to West summit additional 3-3,5h.
1906
Younggrat,
First ascent
Knubel, Mayor, Robertson, Rubben & Young

Biner #422; SAC 4 #167; Moran #29h; AC East #23m

NNW Flank of East Summit
  • D/TD-. 700m
1987
NNW Flank of East Summit,
First ascent
Almer, Ascherson, Jossi, Kaufmann & Mothersill
West summit, SW side
  • From Klein Matterhorn lift station (3820m)
West Summit, normal Route from Klein Matterhorn
  • Normal route. Reputably the easiest route on a 4000m peak in the Alps. Very popular, possibly the busiest in the Alps. From the station of Klein Matterhorn lift (3883m). Glacier ascent, few crevasses. Traverse to middle summit is easy ridge traverse (F/PD).
  • F/PD- (G1), 35°. 350m, 1-2h
1813
West Summit, normal Route from Klein Matterhorn,
First ascent
Henry Maynard, Joseph-Marie Couttet, Jean Gras, Jean-Baptiste & Jean-Jacques Erin

Moran #29a; AC East #23a; SAC 4 #129

West Summit from Plateau Rosa
  • Slightly less crowded alternative to the normal route. From Klein Matterhorn to Plateau Rosa (3820m) and further to West summit.
  • F. 3h
Traverse of Breithorn Crest W-E
  • Classic. Mixed ridge with cornices. Rock quality is not very good. Most difficult part is three rock steps between the saddle and central summit (IV+, short section, can be avoided (then ~III)). From Klein Matterhorn to Rossi e Volante bivouac hut or to Val d' Ayas hut. This can serve as a more demanding start to traverse of Breithorn - Monte Rosa chain. This is probably also around AD+. There are no equipped rappels (most part of the route can be downclimbed).
Central summit, South side
  • 150m high SE face is mostly rocky with some ice/snow couloirs and routes between AD and D. SW face from Plateau Rosa is much easier at PD.
  • From Klein Matterhorn lift station (3820m)

SAC 4 #144,156-161

Central Summit from Plateau Rosa and traverse to West summit (SSW Spur)
  • From Klein Matterhorn to Plateau Rosa (3820m) and further to Central summit
  • PD, 35-40°. 450m, 4h roundtrip from Klein Matterhorn

Moran #29b; AC East #23f; SAC 4 #161 (144)

East summit, South side
Half-traverse of Breithorn Crest E-W (East Ridge of Central Summit)
  • Classic. Mixed ridge with cornices. Shorter version of the classic ridge traverse. Climb to the saddle (4022m) between Eastern and central summits up a snow flank (45-50°) and continuing over Central summit to West summit. This makes the traverse shorter, but no less difficult. Rock quality is not very good. Most difficult part is three rock steps between the saddle and central summit (IV+, short section, can be avoided (then ~III)).
  • III AD/AD+, 45-50°, IV. 500m, 3,5-4h from Cesare e Giorgio Rossi bivouac hut; 850m, 5-6h from Val d'Ayas, 520m, 4,5-5 from Klein Matterhorn

Moran #29d; AC East #23w; SAC 4 #193

Traverse of Breithorn Crest E-W
  • Classic. Mixed ridge with cornices. Rock quality is not very good. Most difficult part is three rock steps between the saddle and central summit (IV+, short section, can be avoided (then ~III)). Normally climbed from east to west. hut or Klein Matterhorn, but then even longer. It is also possible to do a half traverse by climbing to the saddle (4022m) between Eastern and central summits up a snow flank (45-50°) and continuing over Central summit to West summit. This makes the traverse shorter, but no less difficult. AD+, IV+. It is also possible to do the traverse in opposite direction starting from Klein Matterhorn to Rossi e Volante bivouac hut or to Val d' Ayas hut. This can serve as a more demanding start to traverse of Breithorn - Monte Rosa chain. This is propably also around AD+. There are no equipped rappels (most part of the route can be downclimbed).
  • III AD/AD+, 45-50°, IV. 730m, 5-7h from Cesare e Giorgio Rosi bivouac hut (3750); 1180m, 6,5-8,5h from Val d'Ayas

Moran #29e; AC East #23w; SAC 4 #193

Schwarztor (Porta Neria) (3731m)
Pollux (4092m)
  • Located very close to higher but technically easier Castor between Breithorn and Monte Rosa massifs. Pollux is separated from easternmost summit of Breithorn (Roccia Nera) by Schwarztor) and from Castor by Zwillingsjoch.
  • Pollux is most commonly climbed either as a day trip from Klein Materhorn or as a part of a multi-day traverse of the Breithorn - Monte Rosa chain.
North side
North Ridge
  • Either from Val d'Ayas hut (south) or Monte Rosa hut (north).
  • AD, 45°. 3,5h, 1350m, 4,5-6h from Monte Rosa hut

Moran #28d; AC East #25c; SAC 4 #209

SW Ridge
SW Ridge from Schwarztor
  • Follows the ridge from Schwarztor to summit. Often climbed as a part of traverse of Pollux (which in turn is often included in a multi-day traverse on Breithorn - Monte Rosa chain).
  • AD-/AD. 290m, 1,5-2h
West Flank
  • Easier alternative to SW ridge
  • PD, 50°. 290m, 1,5-2h
SE Ridge
SE Ridge from Zwillingsjoch
  • From Zwillingsjoch (between Pollux and Castor) along the ridge to the summit. Serves as a descent when traversing the Pollux. When used in ascent, Val d'Ayas hut is the most conveniently placed starting point.
  • PD, II, 50°. 250m, 1h

Moran #28b; AC East #25d; SAC 4 #210

Zwillingsjoc